The ever-expanding growth of technology has made the a new world revolution, with an institution that has no access to information technology and communications networks will gradually move away from global communication. Therefore, different industries are concerned with the use of information technology to improve their quality and increase productivity in today's competitive world. The health system has always taken effective steps to improve health and improve clinical and financial results in order to benefit from the latest achievements and technologies.
Hospital information systems (Hospital Information System) , the system stores patient information, such as the case of eHealth (Electronic Health Record) system for drug information systems, medical and surgical, systems of follow-up, the system of telemedicine (Telemedicine) , Surgeon robot nurse guidance systems, patient admission systems, and many other ways are among the technology impacts in the healthcare field, and the common goal is to facilitate the use of health information and treatment.
Cloud computing as a new technology; with Internet infrastructure and new solutions, it has brought significant advantages to the provision of medical services electronically. The advent of the cloud has led to a major shift in the direction of innovative, expanded, scalable and up-to-date IT services. With the rapid development of processing and storage technologies as well as the success of the Internet, cheaper, stronger computing resources have emerged. And they have become more accessible than ever before, and government agencies have begun using architecture, platforms, and cloud computing to provide services and meet their own needs. These days the use of virtualization , cloud computing and replacing traditional platforms with new technologies are among the topics discussed by IT circles.
cloud computing
IT cloud computing recently as one of the most important topics related to the field of development of information systems has been proposed basic concept of cloud computing to 1955 returns, when John McCarthy (John Mc. Carthy) , one of the founders of AI, said "Computers may one day be organized as a universal industry," he said. Sils Force (Salesforce) in 1999 was successful in the computing and enterprise applications as the first site in the form of simple, gives consumers the option. With the advancement of information technology, the need to perform computing anywhere and at any time has created barriers and constraints such as space, hardware and software, and now cloud computing is the latest technology response to these needs.
Cloud computing as defined by the National Institute of Standards and Technology's model for providing easy and network access to a set of customizable and configurable computing resources (such as networks, servers, storage, Applications and services) based on user demand. This access should be able to provide software, services and information with minimal need for resource management or direct intervention. Cloud computing means the development and deployment of computer technology based on the Internet, shared and rationed.
This new form of information services has attracted much attention in recent years. Although the idea of networking to provide and receive these services dates back to the sixties, its implementation is very new. In cloud computing technology, the world of information technology resources such as hardware, software and infrastructure come in a variety of models, all of which are referred to as services. Each of these models provides developers and consumers with a certain degree of access to the infrastructure available in the technology. Users can tailor one of the services provided based on their needs and technical knowledge. Choose and use software and hardware. Cloud computing users are not owners of physical infrastructures but are processed, distributed, and owned by multiple owners.(Cloud) saved.
If you have internet connection and bandwidth, information such as data, images, video files, etc. can be transferred to the desired server using various devices such as mobile phones, computer kiosks and internet kiosks. Cloud computing users do not pay for controlling traffic, managing, deploying, maintaining and enhancing their required services, and spend their time and money on web development and enterprise IT infrastructure. In fact, the basis of this model is based on the idea of network services rather than products. When transferring data to the cloud, there is no need to store the file or remember the location of the information stored by the user, but the cloud space allows the user to create and maintain databases or to develop them.
The four major trends in information and communication technology that intersect in the cloud computing model are virtualization, expanding service based on user needs, providing internet services and free access software.
Cloud segmentation in terms of the type of service they provide;
Software As A Service (SAAS)
Platform as a Service (PAAS) or Platform As A Service
Infrastructure as a Service (IAAS) or Infrastructure As A Service
Cloud segmentation by type of emergence in organization as recommended by US National Institute of Technology and Standards;
Public Cloud: The most popular cloud computing model is from the users' point of view. In this model, the cloud infrastructure is designed to be accessible to a large group through public networks such as the Internet. An example of this type of cloud is Amazon Web Services .
Private cloud (Private Cloud): In this case, the cloud data centers specifically for use by employees of an organization, designed and implemented. Dedicated cloud only connects to the organization's network (s) and people outside that network are unable to access the organization's resources. The management of this cloud is done by the organization itself or by the contracting company. Microsoft Hyper-V is an example of this kind of cloud.
Community Cloud: Provided to meet the specific social need of companies and consumers who have shared interests. This cloud belongs to a number of organizations that, for a number of reasons, prefer to use a cloud. In this model, management is the responsibility of one or all of the organizations
NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)
Hybrid Cloud: This model uses two public and proprietary clouds in the organization.
Electronic Health and Electronic Health Record
To improve the quality and speed of patient services, Telemedicine- - has emerged as a new solution. Telemedicine is a general term in the field of health information technology that encompasses various methods of medical information exchange to maintain or improve the health status of patients. Electronic health is considered to be the telemedicine.
EHealth (Electronic Health) new field of integration of informatics, medicine, public health, and e-commerce and via the World Wide Web and its related technologies, upgrades and evolves. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines electronic health as the safe and cost-effective use of information and communication technology in support of health and related fields, including health services, supervision, health education, knowledge and research. he does. The goals of eHealth can be addressed by improving the quality of health care, providing integrated health care, and improving access to services.
EHealth in all patient data in electronic health records, are stored in a single location and doctors can easily access patient health information through electronic records to electronic health Bashnd.prvndە or Electronic Health Records (EHRs) one Of telemedicine needs. ISO is an electronic health record that is a repository of health care information, in a form that can be subsidized, safely maintained and transmitted, and accessible to multiple authorized users. The Electronic Health Record is a standardized information model that is independent of health care information systems. Its primary purpose is to support integrated, quality, effective, and continuous health care and contains retrospective, current and future information (ISO / TC215).In the electronic health record, unrestricted access to centralized and up-to-date information is of particular importance.
Storing health information in the cloud
In recent years, the notion of using technology to improve the quality of health services has been reinforced by the changing health care system and the shift from a holistic perspective to a holistic and individualistic view of society. It enables health care providers to save time and money and improve patient care, making the diagnosis and treatment process easier.
The steps and processes of processing patient health information through the collection and analysis of health information is a complex and time consuming process and the problems of access and lack of information integration make it longer and more difficult. The importance of file integration for ease of access to health information is undeniable. On the other hand, the integrity of the effort that lies in the cloud when accessing the data, and the use of cloud-based storage, enables seamless storage of information. Health information aggregation, aggregation, analysis and access Health information for the purpose of modifying clinical behavior and decision making and replacing up-to-date information is one of the steps to include information in the electronic health record.
Opportunities created in the storage of health information The cloud computing model provides opportunities and benefits for various organizations and centers, especially health centers. In their 2011 study, Bhatt et al. Discussed the applications of cloud computing technology and the benefits of using this technology in the GIS. The architecture presented by them consists of two main parts. The first part is a web interface that is based on Web 2.0 technology and can be loaded on the users' system and can be customized according to the needs of the users and the second part is the core service of the users. The interface between the users and the core is the same as the web interface in Part I. They divided the core into five main layers, which included layers of communication, storage, logic, integrated services, and settings between the five layers.
The benefits of cloud computing are also evident in healthcare systems and systems. Some of the most important of these benefits and applications are: Reduce hardware (software) maintenance costs, service extensibility, rapid and permanent software upgrades, greater document format compatibility, unlimited health data storage capacity, greater data reliability (increased security) , Permanent and universal access to health information (accessible from anywhere and location-dependent), up-to-date health information (ease of updating), easier group collaboration (ease of sharing data between groups) Decision makers and health professionals), data independence from hardware, automation of many tasks Managerial tasks, ease of backup, data centralization, service level agreements Given the importance of cost-benefit analysis in terms of health and not imposing initial cost of purchasing equipment, cloud computing users can invest in the capital needed to make hard purchases. And save money on software and services. Time-sharing, infrastructure and equipment provide computing resources and easier and cheaper access to health information, are other economic benefits of cloud computing. On the other hand, due to the lack of space (virtual and real) for storing health information, archive costs are also eliminated using this method.
Medical information from electronic health records is easily stored in the cloud and is made available to users and health professionals without the need for hardware and software. The cloud computing model and its use in medicine for the Department of Health and It is beneficial for therapists and specialists, patients and hospitals. Cloud is used in storing and transmitting data in various medical departments such as forensic medical records, telemedicine, medical informatics, medical data center support, telemedicine.
The challenges facing cloud computing
There are a number of issues and challenges in the cloud computing model. Some of these challenges include security issues such as the risk of eavesdropping, information theft, breach of privacy, complete unreliability, concealment, vulnerability to recession, controllability and performance, migration management from PC-based environments. To the web environment and the lack of transparency in access to health information. For example, in the public cloud, the organization does not have access to the provider's data centers, and the organization's information on the provider's infrastructure is the same as that provided to the organization. Legal disputes, such as storing information in data centers located on the territory of another country, can also be problematic in legal disputes for an organization's access. There is also dependence on service providers. For example, in the public cloud, organizations and users are completely dependent on the service provider and depending on the data stored, if for any reason the company refuses to provide services, it may be possible for providers and standards to confiscate organization information. The organization faces serious problems. Although the benefits of cloud computing for health centers are very much discussed, these issues are one of the major challenges in accessing health information.
Conclusion
The cloud computing model has significant functionality with its features for storing, integrating and accessing health information without time and space dependency. Because of the importance that health information and their storage platforms have as an electronic health record, cloud computing is an exciting opportunity to integrate and facilitate access to health care. It should be remembered that cloud computing, like any other model and technology, has advantages and challenges that cannot be easily overcome. The IS is a dominant model and a fundamental shift in the delivery of health information services, and observing its developments and designing integrated cloud or cloud computing systems is not only desirable, but also a vital necessity. Identifying the opportunities and challenges of this model can be used effectively in the healthcare field.
Source: online-health