Health information technology (HIT) is information technology applied to health and health care. It supports health information management across computerized systems and the secure exchange of health information between consumers, providers, payers, and quality monitors. Based on an often-cited 2008 report on a small series of studies conducted at four sites that provide ambulatory care – three U.S. medical centers and one in the Netherlands – the use of electronic health records (EHRs) was viewed as the most promising tool for improving the overall quality, safety and efficiency of the health delivery system. According to a 2006 report by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, broad and consistent utilization of HIT will:

• improve health care quality or effectiveness
• increase health care productivity or efficiency
• prevent medical errors and increase health care accuracy and procedural correctness
• reduce health care costs
• increase administrative efficiencies and healthcare work processes
• decrease paperwork and unproductive or idle work time
• extend real-time communications of health informatics among health care professionals
• expand access to affordable care

According to an article published in the International Journal of Medical Informatics, sharing health information between patients and providers helps to better diagnose and better care for patients, as well as help patients gain more information about their health. The use of electronic medical records ( EMR ) is still scarce, but is increasing in primary care in Canada, the US and the UK. Health care information in EMRs are important sources of information for clinical research and policy questions. Health Information Privacy ( HIP )And its security is a major concern for patients and providers. Studies in Europe in the evaluation of electronic health information pose a threat to electronic medical reports and the exchange of personal information. In addition, the software's tracking capability enables hospitals to obtain accurate information about preparations and to create a database of any therapeutic approaches that can be used for research purposes .

Health Information Technology (HIT) is the use of process information including both hardware and computer software that deals with the storage, retrieval, sharing and use of health care information, data and knowledge for communication and decision making . Technology is a widespread concept that deals with the application of species and the knowledge of tools, crafts, and how they affect species' ability to control and adapt to their environment. However, it is difficult to provide a precise definition; technology can refer to material objects used by humans, such as machines, hardware or devices, and can also include broader topics, including systems, methods of organization, and techniques. For HIT, Provides technology, computers, and communications features that can be networked to build systems for the transfer of health information. Also, Informatics an integral aspect of HIT is .

Informatics refers to information science, the application of information processing, and information systems engineering. Informatics underpins academic research and the specialized use of computation and communication technology in health care, health education, and biomedical research. Health informatics refers to the commonality of information science, computer science, and health care. Health Informatics explains the application and sharing of information in the healthcare industry with the help of computer science, mathematics and psychology, and provides the resources, devices, and methods needed to optimize the acquisition, storage, retrieval, and use of information in health and biomedicine. And it works. Health informatics tools include not only computers, but also clinical guidelines, formal medical terms, and information and communication systems.. The processes and people involved in the study are the main variables .

Compatible HIT enhances patient personal care and can also bring benefits to public health, such as :

• Early detection of outbreaks of communicable diseases throughout the country
• Advanced tracking of chronic disease management
• Value-based health care evaluation enabled by a set of low-cost and low-quality information that can be compared

Electronic Health Report (EHR 1)

Although the Electronic Health Report (EHR) , formerly known as the Electronic Medical Report (EMR) and frequently cited in articles, there is no comprehensive definition for it . However, there is consensus that EMRs can reduce a variety of prescription drug errors, preventive care, and tests and guidelines .Repeated alerts remind clinicians of preventative care times, referral routes, and test results. Clinical guidelines for disease management have a proven benefit if they are available electronically during the patient's treatment process. Advances in health informatics and the widespread use of electronic health records make it possible to access a patient's records at any health center.

Computerized Recording Provider Order (Physician)

Prescription errors are the largest source of preventable errors in hospitals. A report by the Institute of Medicine estimated in year 3 that a patient admitted to hospital each day was at risk of medication error . Computerized prescription of the provider ('' 'CPOE' ') , or computerized prescription of the physician, can reduce prescription error rates by up to 1% and side errors (cause serious harm to the patient) by up to 2%. In a 2007 study, they found that 2% of US clinics, hospitals, and medical procedures waited within two years of CPOE.In addition to electronic prescription, a standard barcode reading system for drug distribution could prevent one-fourth of drug errors. Consumer information about the dangers of medicines and the better packaging of medicines (clear labels, avoiding similar names for medications, and dosage reminders) are other errors that need to be prevented. Despite overwhelming evidence of the ability to reduce medical errors, competing barcode reading systems and electronic prescriptions, it has slowed the adoption of this technology by doctors and hospitals in the United States because of the importance of its applicability and compliance with future national standards. Such concerns are not trivial - standards for electronic prescriptions to challenge Medicare Part D regulations in many US states. Apart from regulatory concerns, for start-ups, the use of CPOEIt requires a fundamental change in the process of treatment and investing more time. Many physicians are not full-time employees of the hospital, and for them, registering for their hospitalized patients means taking time off from scheduled patients .

Technological innovations, opportunities and challenges

One of the fast-growing areas of health care innovation lies in the advanced use of data science and machine learning. Key opportunities include :

Health monitoring and diagnosis;

Medical treatment and patient care;

Pharmaceutical Research and Development;

Optimizing clinical practice

According to the Institute of Medicine (1) reports and notes on handwriting, manual recording of physician orders, non-standard abbreviations, and illegible line reading can result in substantial and significant errors and damages. The IOM follow-up report recommends Crossing the Quality Gap, a New Health System for the 5th Century, Acceptance and Rapid Use of Patients' Electronic Records, Electronic Medication Ordering, with Computer and Internet Information Systems to Support Clinical Decision Making . However, implementation of many systems has been costly failures. In addition, evidence suggests that CPOE can contribute to some types of adverse events and other medical errors. For example, implementing CPOEIn a short period of time, there was a significant increase in drug side effects in at least one study and evidence of other errors was also reported. Taken together, these reported adverse events describe a phenomenon related to a disturbance in a complex adaptive system resulting from poor implementation or inadequately designed technological innovation.

Technological troubleshooting problems

Technology can create new error sources . Technology-related errors are increasingly evident in critical care delivery systems. To describe this new area of ​​error generation, one can use the label of technologically error-free process problems and the error-free electronic self-troubleshooting . The sources of these errors are :

• Prescriber and employee inexperience can lead to a false sense of security, which is avoided when technology proposes a set of tasks .
• Shortcut or default choices can override nonstandard drug regimens for elderly or underweight patients, causing toxic doses .
• CPOE and automatic drug distribution have been identified as the result of a 5% error from more than 3 health centers participating in a US pharmacy surveillance system .
• Repeated and unrelated alerts can disrupt the workflow .

As shown in a two-part analysis at the University of Sydney, health information technology can also lead to pathogenic problems if the design and engineering is substandard .

Source: Wikipedia